• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a composition (10) to be sintered to manufacture a part comprising a titanium aluminide alloy, the composition comprising a titanium aluminide based alloy powder (11), and a powder addition device comprising a mixture of a metallic aluminum powder (12) and a titanium metal powder (13). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a part comprising titanium aluminide using such a composition.
    公开号:FR3036408A1
    申请号:FR1554550
    申请日:2015-05-21
    公开日:2016-11-25
    发明作者:Stephane Knittel；Guillaume Fribourg
    申请人:SNECMA SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the general field of processes for manufacturing titanium aluminide alloy parts. The present invention applies more particularly, but not exclusively, to the manufacture of parts for aeronautics. Alloys based on titanium aluminides are today used in the aeronautical field, in particular because of the advantages they present for the reduction of the onboard weight within the moderately hot parts of the turbomachines. Indeed, these alloys generally have an average density of the order of 4 g / cm 2 and are a viable alternative to traditional nickel-based alloys (whose average density is about 8.5 g / cm 2). Their good mechanical properties and their resistance to oxidation for temperatures not exceeding 750 ° C make them prime candidates, for example for the manufacture of blades of the low-pressure turbine of aerospace turbomachines. Such alloy parts based on titanium aluminide are traditionally made by casting, which induces additional costs associated with the removal of material when the parts are machined. Powder metallurgy techniques are an interesting alternative to traditional foundry techniques to reduce production costs. However, these techniques involve a sintering step at very high temperatures, which may be limiting in practice. In addition, the density of parts obtained by powder metallurgy is sometimes insufficient for some applications. For example, when it is desired to obtain the complete sintering (with a density greater than 95%) of a titanium aluminide based powder such as TiA148-2-2, it is necessary to set temperatures close to the melting temperature of the alloy, namely about 1455 ° C. In practice, for sintering, it is generally at temperatures between 1380 ° C and 1450 ° C, which makes the manufacturing process energetically very expensive. In addition, the tools used to perform the sintering of these powders, as for example temperature controlled ovens, must operate at temperatures close to their operating limits, which can reduce their service life and increase costs. of maintenance.
    [0002] OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is thus to overcome such disadvantages by providing a composition to be sintered to manufacture a part comprising a titanium aluminide alloy, the composition comprising a powder titanium aluminide-based alloy, characterized in that it further comprises an addition powder comprising a mixture of a metallic aluminum powder and a metallic titanium powder. The composition according to the invention is remarkable in that it makes it possible to reduce the energy input required for sintering, whatever the sintering technique used. Indeed, the addition powder present in the composition will provide, during the rise in temperature, energy in the form of local heat fires distributed within the composition.
    [0003] When the temperature of the composition is close to the melting temperature of the aluminum metal (about 660 ° C.), the grains of the latter begin to melt, and a chemical reaction between the metallic aluminum and the metallic titanium takes place. primer to form a titanium aluminide. This chemical reaction is exothermic and provides energy in the form of heat to the composition, which can be controlled by varying the amount of addition powder added to the composition. This energy supply makes it possible to start the sintering of the alloy powder as early as 660 ° C., whereas it generally starts between 900 ° C. and 1000 ° C. Thus, the densification of the composition is already advanced when the temperature of the sintering stage is reached, which makes it possible to obtain higher part densities after sintering. The presence of these in-situ heating fires in the composition also makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the sintering stage.
    [0004] Thus, it is possible to limit the degradation of the heating means used and the energy required for sintering (the heating means may for example consist of: a temperature-controlled oven, a laser, an electron beam, a plasma heating, etc.). In addition, decreasing the temperature of the sintering bearing makes it possible to reduce the time necessary to reach this step, and thus to reduce the duration of the complete sintering cycle. By using the composition according to the invention, an energy supply is produced in situ and homogeneously within the composition. In contrast to the prior art compositions which are generally heated by diffusion from the outside to the inside, the temperature of the composition according to the invention is increased simultaneously and homogeneously throughout the composition, in particular thanks to the exothermic reaction. between aluminum and titanium. Thus, the sintering is more homogeneous using the composition according to the invention.
    [0005] The melting of the aluminum metal grains from 660 ° C. also plays a role in maintaining the structure of the composition, which is generally shaped prior to sintering (for example by using an organic binder and a process of the present invention). injection / molding, or compression). In fact, the aluminum grains which liquefy also make it possible to shape the grains which surround them and to increase the inter-diffusion of the various elements in the composition, thus achieving a "pre-sintering" of the composition. This pre-sintering also makes it possible to minimize the deformations of the composition which may occur during the sintering step, the liquid aluminum thus acting as a metallic binder reactive for the other grains. Finally, the addition of the addition powder comprising aluminum and titanium does not substantially modify the chemical composition of the alloy obtained after sintering since the addition powder will diffuse within the composition and also form a titanium aluminide after reaction. The physicochemical properties of a part obtained by sintering a composition according to the invention are therefore very little altered compared to a workpiece obtained by sintering a powder of an alloy based on titanium aluminide alone. If the titanium aluminide alloy powder comprises adducts (for example chromium or niobium), they can be diluted in the composition by the addition powder. It is then possible to add, if necessary, such elements to the composition according to the invention to restore their initial contents in the final alloy. The composition preferably comprises between 0.5% and 10% by weight of addition powder, more preferably between 0.5% and 5%, more preferably between 0.5% and 2%. Preferably, a Ti / Al atomic ratio of the addition powder is between 0.7 and 1.3 in order not to significantly modify the chemical composition of the titanium aluminide alloy powder. Also preferably, an average particle size of the titanium aluminide alloy powder is between 1 μm and 100 μm, more preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm. In one embodiment, the addition powder has a mean particle size substantially identical to that of the titanium aluminide alloy powder. As a variant, the addition powder 15 may have a mean particle size smaller than that of the titanium aluminide alloy powder, in order to modify the distribution of heats of heat within the composition. The titanium aluminide alloy powder may comprise a titanium aluminide having a titanium mass content of greater than or equal to 45% and an aluminum mass content of greater than or equal to 40%. For example, these alloys may be of the TiAl-48-2-2, TNM, TNB type, or more generally be part of the family of titanium aluminide alloys having gamma / alpha2 or beta / gamma / alpha2 phases. .
    [0006] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a part comprising a titanium aluminide, the process comprising the following steps: the preparation of a composition such as that described above, and the sintering of the composition. According to one embodiment, the method may further comprise, before the sintering step, a step of shaping the composition in order to obtain a preform of the part to be manufactured. When using, for example, a metal powder injection molding technique (also referred to as MIM or "Metal Injection Molding"), the compounding step may comprise the following sub-steps: injection into a mold of a mixture of the composition with a binder in order to obtain a blank of the part to be manufactured, and 5 - debinding of the blank in order to obtain the preform of the part to be manufactured. The sintering step can be carried out: in a temperature-controlled oven, by flash sintering (also called SPS or Spark Plasma Sintering), by selective sintering on a powder bed (for example by EBM or Electron). Beam Melting ", or by SLS or" Selective Laser Sintering "), or - by hot isostatic compression (also called HIP or" Hot Isostatic Pressing "). It is advantageous to perform the sintering step in a neutral atmosphere of argon, in particular to reduce the risk of oxidation of the metallic aluminum and metallic titanium present in the composition.
    [0007] Finally, the invention also provides a method such as that described above in which the part to be manufactured is a part for aeronautics. By "piece for aeronautics" is meant a part that can be used in a turbojet engine for propelling an aircraft, for example: an aeronautical turbine engine blade, a turbine ring, a low pressure distributor, a fuel injection system aeronautical combustion chamber, an aeronautical injection system component, a flange, a clamping system, an engine equipment support, a hood, etc.
    [0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment thereof which is not limiting in any way. In the figures: FIGS. 1A to 1D show schematically the evolution of a composition according to the invention during a process according to one embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the different steps of a process according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention will now be described in its application to the manufacture of a titanium aluminide alloy part by a Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process. Of course, the invention can be applied to any part manufacturing technique involving the sintering of a powder of a titanium aluminide alloy. The steps of a method according to one embodiment of the invention are schematically represented on the flow chart of FIG. 2. First, a titanium aluminide powder is mixed (step E1) with a powder of addition comprising a metallic aluminum powder and a metallic titanium powder to form a composition according to the invention. For example, a powder of a TiAl-48-2-2 alloy having an average particle size of between 5 μm and 50 μm may be used. The powders of metallic aluminum and of metallic titanium can have a mean particle size of the order of that of the titanium aluminide alloy powder (for example of +/- 50% in size by compared to that of the alloy powder). It will be ensured that the mass content of the additive powder composition is preferably between 0.5% and 10%, more preferably between 0.5% and 5% and even more preferably between 0.5% and 0.5%. and 2%. In addition, the Ti / Al atomic ratio of the addition powder is preferably between 0.7 and 1.3. The titanium aluminide-based alloy may comprise additive elements, for example chromium or niobium in the case of a TiAl-48-2-2 alloy. When addition powder 35 is added to the alloy powder, the mass content of these additive elements can be slightly reduced in the composition with respect to their mass content in the alloy powder. initial. Therefore, care should be taken to add addition elements to the composition if necessary so that their content remains substantially identical to that of the initial alloy powder. It is important to mix all the powders correctly to ensure the homogeneity of the composition. For example, an automated mixer can be used for 1 hour to 2 hours. In addition, it is preferable to carry out the mixing step in a neutral atmosphere, for example argon, since unalloyed metals such as metallic titanium and metallic aluminum tend to oxidize rapidly in the open air. Especially when the particle sizes of the powders are small. In general, throughout the process, care will be taken to limit the exposure of the composition to oxygen by placing itself under a neutral atmosphere to limit its oxidation. Once the composition is prepared by mixing, it is shaped (step E2). The shaping of the composition makes it possible to obtain a preform of the part which will then be sintered (other processes do not involve such a shaping step, as for example sintering on a powder bed). In the case of a MIM process, shaping of the composition comprises first mixing the composition with a binder (step E21). The binder may, in a manner known per se, comprise a compound chosen from: paraffins, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, agar gel, cellulose, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene, stearic acid polyoxymethylene, and mixtures thereof. Once the composition is mixed with a binder and brought to a temperature that allows it to be injected, it is injected (step E22) into a temperature-controlled mold (the mold having the shape of the part to be manufactured). Once the injection is complete, the cooling by the mold of the injected mixture makes it possible to obtain a blank of the part in a plastic state. FIG. 1A schematically shows the arrangement of powder grains of the composition 10 within the blank in the plastic state. Titanium aluminide alloy powder grains 11, metallic aluminum powder grains 12, metallic titanium powder grains 13, and a binder 20 (or a binder mixture) in which the composition 10 is embedded. The next step is debinding the blank (step E23), which consists of selectively removing the binder or binder mixture present in the blank thus formed. It is possible, in a manner known per se, to carry out chemical debinding with the aid of a solvent for example, followed by thermal debinding. Heat debinding generally involves subjecting the blank to several temperature steps under a neutral atmosphere to successively remove the binders present. The temperature of the highest bearing does not generally exceed 700 ° C. During thermal debinding, the metallic aluminum grains 12 can begin to lose their ductility and conform the different grains of the composition 10 to each other.
    [0009] FIG. 1B shows the state of the composition 10 according to the invention at the end of the debinding step or at the beginning of the temperature rise for the sintering step (step E3). In this figure, the temperature of the composition 10 has exceeded 660 ° C, which corresponds to the melting temperature of the aluminum metal. It can be seen that the binder 20 is no longer present, and that the aluminum grains 12 begin to melt and conform to the grains 11, 13 surrounding them. The fusion of the aluminum thus makes it possible to consolidate the preform obtained after debinding of the blank, and to prevent its deformation. At the same time as its fusion, the metallic aluminum will react in particular with the metallic titanium (FIG. 1C) to form a titanium aluminide of the TixAly type, x and y depending especially on the Ti / Al atomic ratio of the addition powder. (which is preferably between 0.7 and 1.3). Aluminum can also react with the existing titanium aluminide alloy. These chemical reactions, exothermic, allow to bring energy in the form of heat within the same preform. The energy thus released in situ by these local foci is homogeneously distributed in the preform because the composition has previously been well mixed (step E1). In-situ heat generation by the reaction between the aluminum metal and the titanium metal initiates sintering and begins to densify the preform as soon as the temperature approaches and then exceeds about 660 ° C. It is possible to control this phenomenon precisely because the amount of energy released by in situ reactions increases with the amount of addition powder in the composition. The rise in temperature for the sintering step (step E3) continues until reaching a sintering stage, the temperature of which can be reduced by the use of the composition 10 according to the invention. In fact, the energy to be added to the preform for sintering is reduced as much as energy has already been provided by the exothermic reaction presented above. During the rise in temperature, and during the sintering stage, inter-diffusion phenomena, in particular between the metallic aluminum and the titanium aluminide already present, occur, which further favors the sintering of the preform. Just as the preparation of the composition (step E1) and the shaping of the composition (step E2), it is preferable to carry out the sintering (step E3) in a neutral atmosphere of argon to prevent the oxidation of the non-alloyed metals. .
    [0010] Figure 1D schematically illustrates the state of composition 10 following the sintering step. It can be seen that the densification is complete, and that titanium aluminide phases of the TixAly 14 type, resulting in particular from the reaction between the metallic aluminum 12 and the metallic titanium 13, are present.
    [0011] In order to ensure the homogeneity and stability of the alloy obtained, it is also possible to carry out a diffusion post-sintering heat treatment. The invention can also be applied to processes of the SPS or flash sintering type, and HIP or hot isostatic pressing. In these processes, the shaping and sintering of the workpiece are performed simultaneously. The rise in temperature will cause the exothermic chemical reactions presented above, and allow to obtain a better densification of the room and reduce the energy consumption of the sintering cycle.
    [0012] Finally, the invention can also be applied to processes of the additive manufacturing type using powder bed sintering, for example by laser (SLS) or by electron beam (EBM). . These methods do not require a step of shaping the composition. The composition according to the invention is advantageous in this type of process in that it makes it possible to reduce the energy supplied during sintering (by reducing the intensity of the electron beam or the laser for example). Example 10 A low pressure turbine blade for an aviation turbomachine is produced by a MIM process. Firstly, a composition according to the invention comprising, by weight: - 1% of an addition powder having an average particle size of 18 μm, comprising metallic aluminum and metallic titanium with a ratio of Atomic Ti / Al substantially equal to 1, and - 99% of a premaluminated powder of TiAl-48-2-2 having an average particle size of 18 .mu.m. This composition is mixed in an automatic mixer for 2 hours under a neutral atmosphere of argon. The composition is then mixed with a binder mainly composed of paraffin wax, poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) and stearic acid. The binder represents about 40% by volume of the mixture.
    [0013] The mixture is injected into the cavity of a mold whose temperature is regulated at 120 ° C. The preform in the plastic state is demolded and then immersed in a hexane bath at 40 ° C for 10 hours to remove a portion of the binder by dissolution.
    [0014] The heat debinding of the blank is then carried out in a temperature-controlled furnace, in a neutral atmosphere of argon, in successive stages at 250 ° C. for 2 hours, and 400 ° C. for 2 hours, with a rise ramp. temperature at 2 ° C / minute. The sintering bearing at 1350 ° C is then reached by a ramp up to 5 ° C / min. The sintering stage is maintained for a duration of 4 hours. The part is then cooled by a ramp down to 5 ° C / min. The piece is finally placed at 1380 ° C. for 10 hours in order to carry out a diffusion post-sinter heat treatment.
    [0015] By such a process, the density of the resulting part typically reaches 95%, and the temperature of the sintering bearing can be lowered typically from 30 ° C to 60 ° C.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A composition (10) to be sintered to manufacture a part comprising a titanium aluminide alloy, the composition comprising a titanium aluminide based alloy powder (11), characterized in that it comprises in addition to an addition powder comprising a mixture of a metal aluminum powder (12) and a titanium metal powder (13).
    [0002]
    2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises between 0.5% and 10% by weight of addition powder.
    [0003]
    3. Composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a Ti / Al atomic ratio of the addition powder is between 0.7 and 1.3.
    [0004]
    4. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mean particle size of the titanium aluminide alloy powder (11) is between 1 pm and 100 pm.
    [0005]
    5. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the addition powder has a mean particle size substantially identical to that of the titanium aluminide alloy powder (11).
    [0006]
    6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the titanium aluminide alloy powder (11) comprises a titanium aluminide having a titanium content by mass greater than or equal to 45%. and an aluminum content greater than or equal to 40%.
    [0007]
    7. A method of manufacturing a part comprising titanium aluminide, the process comprising the following steps: - the preparation (El) of a composition (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the sintering (E3) of the composition. 3036408 13
    [0008]
    8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the process further comprises, before the sintering step, a step of shaping the composition (E2) in order to obtain a preform of the part to be manufactured.
    [0009]
    9. Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of shaping the composition (E2) comprises the following substeps:
    [0010]
    Injecting (E22) into a mold a mixture of the composition (10) with a binder (20) in order to obtain a blank of the part to be manufactured, and - debinding (E23) of the blank to obtain the preform of the part to be manufactured. 10. Process according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the sintering step (E3) is carried out: in a temperature controlled oven, by flash sintering, by selective sintering on a bed. of powder, or - by hot isostatic pressing.
    [0011]
    11. Process according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the sintering step (E3) is carried out under a neutral atmosphere of argon.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the part to be manufactured is a part for aeronautics. 30
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    同族专利:
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    US10995389B2|2021-05-04|
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    引用文献:
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    FR3085122B1|2018-08-27|2021-08-13|Safran Nacelles|ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PART FOR AN AIRCRAFT PROPULSIVE NACELLE|
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    WO2020249808A1|2019-06-14|2020-12-17|Metal Additive Technologies|Method for manufacturing a metal part made from titanium, by rapid sintering, and sintered metal part made from titanium|
    CN111421139A|2020-04-24|2020-07-17|丽水学院|Metal forming process and processing equipment for small titanium-aluminum-based alloy engine blade|
    CN112108653B|2020-09-10|2022-02-18|飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司|3D printing titanium-aluminum composite material and preparation method thereof|
    CN113621844A|2021-08-10|2021-11-09|湖南金天铝业高科技股份有限公司|Particle reinforced titanium-based composite material and preparation method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2016-05-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-11-25| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20161125 |
    2017-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-02-02| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES, FR Effective date: 20170719 |
    2018-04-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-04-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-04-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-04-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
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